WHAT IS GUT AND GUT HEALTH?

Your gut is your gastrointestinal system and includes your stomach, intestines and colon. It digests and absorbs nutrients from food and excretes waste.

The absence of gastrointestinal symptoms and diseases, such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and colon cancer, as well as other unfavorable conditions like increased intestinal permeability, mucosal inflammation, or a shortage or excess of short-chain fatty acids, are what constitute gut health.

In addition to helping with digestion, the gut is home to a variety of beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Bifidobacterium. The gut flora, especially in the colon, is made up of those helpful bacteria. However, certain common kinds of harmful microorganisms also accompany them. Good bacteria outnumber bad bacteria in a healthy gut, and the bad bacteria do not overwhelm the beneficial bacteria.

WHAT IS GUT MICROBIOME?

The billions of bacteria, viruses, fungus, and other micro-organisms that inhabit the gastrointestinal system, especially the colon, are collectively referred to as the gut microbiome. Its intricate network of bacteria has a profound impact on general health and is essential to the preservation of the digestive system’s integrity. 

Every individual has a distinct microbiota network that is initially shaped by their genetic makeup. Microorganisms are first introduced to a newborn through the birth canal, the mother’s breast milk, and after delivery. The infant’s exposure to specific microbes is contingent only upon the species present in the mother. Subsequent nutrition and environmental exposures can alter an individual’s microbiome in a way that either improves health or increases disease susceptibility.

The microbiome includes both beneficial and potentially dangerous bacteria. The majority are symbiotic—beneficial to both the human body and the microbiota—while a smaller percentage are pathogenic—they promote disease. Pathogenic and symbiotic bacteria coexist peacefully in a healthy organism. However, dysbiosis takes place and ceases these regular interactions if there is an imbalance in the system, which can be caused by infectious diseases, specific diets, or long-term use of antibiotics or other treatments that destroy bacteria. The body might become more prone to illness as a result.

WHY IS GUT HEALTH IMPORTANT?

Gut health is important for several reasons, as it plays a crucial role in maintaining overall well-being. Here are some key reasons why gut health is significant:

• Digestive function: The primary function of the gut is to digest and absorb nutrients from the food we consume. A healthy gut ensures efficient digestion, nutrient absorption, and the elimination of waste products
• Immune system support: The gut is a major immune system component. A large portion of the body’s immune cells is located in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). A balanced and diverse gut microbiome helps support the immune system, defending the body against infections and diseases
• Microbiome balance: The gut is home to trillions of microorganisms, collectively known as the gut microbiome. A diverse and balanced microbiome is crucial for maintaining good health. It helps in the digestion of certain dietary fibers, produces essential vitamins, and prevents the overgrowth of harmful bacteria
• Mood and mental health: The gut and the brain are connected through the gut-brain axis. Research suggests that the microbiome can influence mental health, and an imbalance in gut bacteria has been linked to conditions like anxiety, depression, and stress. The production of neurotransmitters in the gut, such as serotonin, further highlights this connection.
• Nutrient synthesis: Some beneficial bacteria in the gut contribute to the synthesis of certain vitamins, such as vitamin K and some B vitamins. These vitamins play essential roles in various bodily functions, including blood clotting and energy metabolism.
• Inflammation regulation: A healthy gut helps regulate inflammation in the body. Chronic inflammation is associated with various diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), autoimmune disorders, and metabolic syndrome. Maintaining gut health can help prevent excessive inflammation.
• Weight management: The composition of the gut microbiome may influence weight and metabolism. An imbalance in gut bacteria may be linked to obesity and related metabolic disorders.
• Skin health: Skin health can be influenced by the gut, and conditions like acne, eczema, and psoriasis may be associated with gut imbalances. A healthy gut can contribute to a healthier skin health 

 

SIGNS OF AN UNHEALHTY GUT

• Digestive issues: Persistent gas, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) can be signs of an imbalanced gut.

• Food intolerances: Developing new sensitivities or intolerances to certain foods, even those you could previously tolerate well, may indicate a problem with gut health.

• Chronic fatigue: Ongoing fatigue and low energy levels may be linked to poor nutrient absorption in the gut or an imbalance in the gut microbiome

• Mood disturbances: Anxiety, depression, mood swings, and irritability can be connected to the gut-brain axis, which highlights the relationship between the gut and mental health.

• Skin issues: Conditions like acne, eczema, or psoriasis may be associated with an unhealthy gut. Skin problems can be a manifestation of inflammation or immune system imbalances originating in the gut.

• Autoimmune conditions: Certain autoimmune disorders may be linked to gut health. Disorders like rheumatoid arthritis, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, or celiac disease can have gastrointestinal symptoms and are associated with an increased risk of gut-related issues.

• Unintentional weight changes: Sudden weight loss or weight gain without changes in diet or exercise may be a sign of underlying gut problems affecting nutrient absorption and metabolism.

• Sleep disturbances: Poor sleep quality or insomnia can be associated with an imbalanced gut microbiome, as the gut produces neurotransmitters that influence sleep.

• Joint pain: Inflammation in the gut can sometimes contribute to joint pain or exacerbate conditions like arthritis.

• Frequent infections: A compromised immune system due to an unhealthy gut may lead to an increased susceptibility to infections.

• Sugar cravings: If you’re craving sugar and consuming a diet high in sugar or a lot of processed foods, this will negatively influence the gut. This impact may decrease the number of good bacteria in your gut, used for essential physiological functions. A diet high in sugar can lead to poor gut health.

 

WHAT ARE PREBIOTICS? 

Prebiotics are non-digestible fibers and compounds found in certain foods that promote the growth and activity of beneficial bacteria in the gut. They serve as food for probiotics, which are the beneficial bacteria in the gut. By nourishing these bacteria, prebiotics contribute to a balanced and healthy gut microbiome. Some common types of prebiotics include various types of dietary fibers, such as inulin, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), and galactooligosaccharides (GOS).

Some foods rich in prebiotics are: 

• Garlic: Garlic contains inulin and FOS, making it a natural prebiotic. Incorporate raw or cooked garlic into your meals for its flavor and potential prebiotic benefits.
• Onion: Onions, particularly raw onions, are rich in FOS and can be added to salads, sandwiches, or cooked dishes.
• Leeks and artichokes: Leeks contain inulin and can be used in soups, stews, and various cooked dishes. Artichoke is another excellent source of inulin. It can be roasted, sautéed, or eaten raw in salads.
• Asparagus: Asparagus is a good source of inulin and can be steamed, roasted, or added to salads.
• Bananas: Unripe bananas are high in resistant starch, a type of prebiotic fiber. As bananas ripen, the resistant starch content decreases.
• Apples: Apples contain pectin, a type of soluble fiber that can act as a prebiotic. Eating the skin can provide additional fiber.
• Barley: Barley is a whole grain that contains beta-glucans, a type of prebiotic fiber. It can be used in soups, stews, or as a side dish.
• Oats: Oats contain beta-glucans and can be enjoyed as oatmeal or added to various recipes.
• Flaxseeds: Flaxseeds are a good source of fiber, including mucilage, which can act as a prebiotic. Ground flaxseeds can be added to smoothies, yogurt, or cereals.

 

WHAT ARE PROBIOTICS?

Probiotics are live microorganisms, primarily bacteria and yeast, that provide health benefits when consumed in adequate amounts. These microorganisms are often referred to as “good” or “friendly” bacteria because they help maintain a healthy balance of gut microbiota, supporting digestive and overall health.

Foods that are rich in probiotics include:

• Yogurt: Yogurt is one of the most well-known sources of probiotics. Look for yogurts labeled with “live and active cultures” to ensure they contain beneficial bacteria.

• Kefir: This fermented milk drink is rich in probiotics and often contains a variety of bacterial strains not found in yogurt.

• Sauerkraut: Fermented cabbage that is high in various strains of probiotics. Choose unpasteurized sauerkraut for maximum probiotic benefits.

• Kimchi: A traditional Korean dish made from fermented vegetables, usually cabbage and radishes, seasoned with chili pepper, garlic, ginger, and other spices.

• Miso: A traditional Japanese seasoning produced by fermenting soybeans with salt and koji (a type of fungus). Miso is commonly used in soups and other dishes.

• Tempeh: fermented soybean product with a firm texture and nutty flavor. It is a staple in vegetarian and vegan diets.

• Pickles: Naturally fermented pickles (not those made with vinegar) can be a source of probiotics.

• Traditional buttermilk: The cultured buttermilk that results from the fermentation of dairy can contain probiotics.

• Sourdough bread: Some types of sourdough bread are fermented using wild yeast and lactic acid bacteria, offering potential probiotic benefits.

 

HOW TO IMPROVE GUT HEALTH THROUGH DIET?

• Embrace probiotic-rich foods: Probiotics are crucial in maintaining a balanced and thriving gut microbiome. As mentioned before, Incorporate foods like yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, and kimchi into your diet. These fermented delights are packed with beneficial bacteria that promote a harmonious environment in your digestive system.

• Include fibre-rich foods: Fiber is a cornerstone of a gut-healthy diet. Whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and legumes are excellent sources of fiber that provide sustenance for the beneficial bacteria in your gut. Fiber also helps prevent constipation and supports a diverse microbiome.

• Choose prebiotic foods: Prebiotics are non-digestible fibers that nourish the good bacteria in your gut. Foods like garlic, onions, leeks, asparagus, and bananas are rich in prebiotics, promoting the growth and activity of beneficial microorganisms.

• Diversify your diet: A varied diet ensures that you consume a broad spectrum of nutrients and supports a diverse gut microbiome. Different types of bacteria thrive on different foods, so aim for a colorful plate filled with a range of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.

• Opt for fermented foods: Incorporating fermented foods beyond yogurt and sauerkraut can further enhance your gut health. Miso, tempeh, and traditional buttermilk are delicious options that introduce a variety of beneficial bacteria to your digestive system.

• Minimize processed foods: Processed foods, high in sugar and unhealthy fats, can negatively impact your gut health by promoting the growth of harmful bacteria. Opt for whole, unprocessed foods to nourish your body and support a healthier gut environment.

• Stay hydrated: Adequate hydration is essential for maintaining optimal gut function. Water helps transport nutrients, aids in digestion, and supports the overall health of your gastrointestinal tract. Aim for at least eight glasses of water a day and limit the consumption of sugary drinks.

• Consider probiotic supplements: If it’s challenging to get enough probiotics from food alone, you might consider probiotic supplements. Always consult with a healthcare professional to find the right supplement for your needs, as different strains offer various benefits.

HABITS TO CULTIVATE FOR ACHIEVING GOOD GUT HEALTH

• Chewing your food slowly: When you don’t chew your food enough, the rest of your digestive system becomes confused. Your body may not produce enough of the enzymes needed to fully break down your food. This could lead to digestive problems like bloating, heartburn, acid reflux, cramps, nausea
• Avoiding gadgets while eating: If you watch gadgets while eating, then you cannot focus on eating and can eat more even without realizing it. The eating process is more mechanical than slow, conscious chewing and eating of food. This affects digestion.
• Breathing exercises before meals: Deep breathing can manage stress and potentially treat chronic respiratory disease. Stress can slow down digestion or magnify any discomfort in the bowels. Breathing exercises can help stimulate the vagus nerve, the line of communication between the gut and the brain that helps “regulate muscle contraction and secretion of gastric acid and digestive enzymes.”
• Light walking after meals: A major potential benefit associated with walking after eating is improved digestion. Body movement can aid your digestion by promoting stimulation of the stomach and intestines, causing food to move through more rapidly 

Food psychology: Food is nourishment and viewing it as just calories can lead to a negative food psychology, which affects the mental health of a person and in turn can lead to gut issues. The gastrointestinal tract is sensitive to emotion. Anger, anxiety, sadness — all of these feelings (and others) can trigger symptoms in the gut.